『内容語（content word）』

明確に意味のある語で、文章の意味を理解するための語。
　名詞・動詞・形容詞・副詞など

『機能語（function word）』

文法的な役割を果たし、文構造や文法的な関係を示す語。
　接続詞・前置詞・冠詞・代名詞・助動詞・be動詞・人称代名詞など

『強形（strong form）』

辞書に載っているはっきりと発音される形

『弱形（weak form）』

実際の発話で現れる形（特に人称代名詞の変化がすごい）

リンキング（linking）

　単語間で/子音/＋/母音/となっている場合、ローマ字読み。

　例）I’m interested in history.
　　　I like her.

リダクション（reduction）

　語尾が/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/＋語頭が/子音/の場合、/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/はほぼ発音しない。

　例）I don’t know.
　　　I want to do it.

フラッピング（flapping）

　①単語中、単語間関係なく/母音/＋/t/＋/母音/の場合、または ② “t”の直前にアクセントがある場合、/t/は/d/または日本語のら行で発音。

　例）water
　　　a lot of
　　　little
　　　What are you doing?

1. 英文の歌詞を用意する。
2. 歌詞にリンキング・リダクション・フラッピングを記入していく。
3. 自分の書き込みと実際の発音を比較し、修正する。
4. たくさん聞いて、音を真似て歌えるようにする。

• /t/＋you/juː/＝/tjuː/　I want you.
• /d/＋you/juː/＝/djuː/ I need you.
• /v/＋you/juː/＝/vjuː/ I love you.
• 他の子音ともリンキングを起こすので、”you”は注意しましょう。

段階１：音声知覚

段階２：意味理解

1. 繰り返し聞く（大枠の流れが捉えられるまで）
2. 限界まで聞いたら、本文を読んで内容を確認する
3. 音の変化等に注意して聞き、書き込む
4. 音読する
5. 音声と同時に声に出して読む（オーバーラッピング）

I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told I never graduated from college and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We’ve got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
This was the start in my life.

I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We’ve got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
This was the start in my life.

• 英単語は内容語と機能語に分類できる
• 機能語の発音は強形と弱形の２種類
• 弱形で発音することにより英語のリズム（強勢拍リズム）を形成している
• リンキング・・・子音＋母音＝ローマ字読み
• リダクション・・・/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/＋/子音/＝前の音が脱落
• フラッピング・・・/母音/＋/t/＋/母音/の場合、または “t”の直前にアクセントがある場合、/t/は/d/または日本語のら行で発音される
• リスニングができるようになるにはまずは「音声認識」、次に「意味理解」